液氧甲烷重复使用辅助动力系统方案与进展

航班化航天运输系统的应用需求日趋迫切,基于液氧/甲烷（LOX/LCH4）发动机的可重复使用运载火箭成为国内外研究热点。面向某型运载火箭对一级返回辅助动力系统的需求,提出了基于电动泵的主辅一体化液氧甲烷系统方案和独立挤压式液氧甲烷系统方案,开展了方案比选和应用优势分析,并介绍了液氧甲烷轨姿控发动机和低温表面张力贮箱的研究基础,以及国内首款液氧甲烷轨姿控推进系统集成演示试验情况。液氧甲烷辅助动力系统可以实现全箭推进剂的统一和无毒化,助力运载火箭走向高效及完全可重复使用。选择切实可行的“分步走”策略,优先开展挤压式液氧甲烷辅助动力系统的工程化研制与飞行应用,逐步实现基于电动泵的主辅一体化液氧甲烷辅助动力系统在重复使用运载火箭和低温上面级等领域应用。     

煤油/氧气预爆器爆震波特性研究

为了解决液态煤油旋转爆震发动机短距离快速起爆问题,进行了煤油/氧气预爆器方案设计。此方案包括双级轴向旋流和离心喷嘴匹配方案、半圆轴向垂直预爆管和圆管切向预爆管等设计,建立了液态煤油/氧气预爆器爆震波特性试验台。探讨了不同工作时序、当量油气比、预爆管结构等对预爆器爆震燃烧特性的影响。结果表明预爆器产生的爆震波压力达到4.0MPa以上,爆震波传播速度高于1300m/s,液态煤油/氧气最佳当量油气比存在于0.6-0.73之间一点。对比半圆轴向垂直预爆管和圆管切向预爆管,圆管模型爆震波压力明显高于半圆管模型,而传播速度却低于半圆管模型,圆管模型整体存在着前导激波的生成,而半圆管模型却在生成的爆震波后方有明显的压力波动现象     

Linear Complexity of New Generalized Cyclotomic Sequences of Length 2pq

The linear complexity and minimal polynomial of new generalized cyclotomic sequences of order two are investigated.A new generalized cyclotomic sequence Sof length 2pqis defined with an imbalance p+1.The results show that this sequence has high linear complexity.     

费用约束下含应力优化的CSADT设计

恒定应力加速退化试验(CSADT,Constant Stress Accelerated Degradation Testing)方案中需要确定的变量有应力水平、各应力下样本量、监测间隔和各应力下监测次数.如何对CSADT的应力水平进行优化目前很少有人探讨.针对这一问题提出一种在费用约束下将上述4个变量进行综合优化的方法.首先用随机过程描述CSADT下产品的性能退化过程,然后以产品在使用条件下p分位寿命可靠度的渐近方差最小为目标,以试验费用不超过预算为约束条件,给出CSADT的4个优化变量,并给出应用该优化方法的仿真算例.最后,优化方案对模型参数偏差的敏感性分析表明,在一定偏差范围内优化结果具有良好的稳健性.      

对接口匹配的航天器双主动最优交会研究

研究了两航天器协同轨道机动（双主动）完成近距离交会任务的最优控制问题。在考虑航天器姿态变化、对接口位置及路径约束的情况下,构建了完整的6自由度、26状态的双主动最优交会数学模型。利用高斯伪谱法分别将燃料总消耗最少和交会时间最短两种最优问题离散为大型非线性规划问题,而后应用SNOPT软件包进行了求解。在此基础上通过大量数值计算分析总结了不同初始参数对最小燃料消耗和最短交会时间的影响规律,并与主被动交会形式进行了对比。结果表明,当两航天器质量接近时,双主动交会通常可明显减少燃料消耗,或缩短交会时间;而当质量差距较大时,双主动最优交会逐渐退化为主被动最优交会。     

Numerical study of compression corner flowfield using Gao-Yong turbulence model

A numerical simulation of shock wave turbulent boundary layer interaction induced by a 24° compression corner based on Gao-Yong compressible turbulence model was presented.The convection terms and the diffusion terms were calculated using the second-order AUSM (advection upstream splitting method) scheme and the second-order central difference scheme,respectively.The Runge-Kutta time marching method was employed to solve the governing equations for steady state solutions.Significant flow separation-region which indicates highly non-isotropic turbulence structure has been found in the present work due to intensity interaction under the 24° compression corner.Comparisons between the calculated results and experimental data have been carried out,including surface pressure distribution,boundary-layer static pressure profiles and mean velocity profiles.The numerical results agree well with the experimental values,which indicate Gao-Yong compressible turbulence model is suitable for the prediction of shock wave turbulent boundary layer interaction in two-dimensional compression corner flows.      

Effect of Semi-solid Isothermal Heat Treatment on Microstructure of VW63Z Alloy

The effects of isothermal heat treatment on the semi-solid microstructure evolution of VW63Z (Mg-6Gd-3Y-0.4Zr, wt.%) alloy are studied. It shows that the microstructure of VW63Z alloy could transform from equiaxed crystal to semi-solid spherical crystal after isothermal heat treatment above 620 ºC. With the heating temperature elevating from 620 ºC to 635 ºC and the holding time prolonging from 10 min to 35 min, the liquid fraction increases gradually. The semi-solid microstructure evolution of VW63Z alloy can be divided into three stages, i.e., particle coarsening and spheroidization;particle necking, coalescence, and Ostwald ripening;and dynamic equilibrium. The semi-solid process window of VW63Z alloy ranges from 620 ºC to 635 ºC, where the best process parameters are holding at 635 ºC for 20 min?30 min. The solid fraction, the average particle size, and the shape factor are 41.1%?53.8%, 81.5 μm?83.2 μm, and 0.70?0.75, respectively. The maximum relative deviations of the solid fraction, the particle size, and the shape factor at different heights of the same billet are 44.6%, 17.4%, and 16.6%, respectively, which means that it should pay attention to the uniformity of edge and core of VW63Z alloy during isothermal heat treatment. The driving force of microstructure is supposed to be the reduction of solid-liquid interface free energy.     

环形爆震室中火焰加速数值模拟及验证

对带不同数量孔板的环形爆震室进行数值模拟,并通过试验对数值计算进行验证,来研究火焰加速现象、爆燃向爆震转变过程和不同当量比下起爆距离.数值计算采用二维轴对称非定常Navier-Stokes方程来模拟流体动力学过程.研究发现用较低的点火能量对火焰混合区的可燃气点火产生低速火焰,低速火焰向环形爆震室射流并改变方向向出口传播,火焰在孔板的阻碍作用以及火焰诱导激波和反射波的加速作用下,由层流变为湍流,湍流火焰与其诱导激波相互加强,最终引爆未燃混气;还对爆震波在孔板区的传播过程进行了分析,对不同当量比下的火焰速度和起爆距离进行了模拟研究.      

TC1和TC4钛合金腐蚀加工溶解行为研究

测试了TC1和TC4钛合金在氢氟酸-硝酸溶液中腐蚀加工的E-t曲线和极化曲线,分析了腐蚀加工过程的速率变化,观察了腐蚀加工形貌。在氢氟酸-硝酸腐蚀加工液中,极化曲线呈现活化-钝化特征,氢氟酸浓度较高时,硝酸浓度增大到一定值后,极化曲线呈现自钝化倾向。钝化膜的生成速率和厚度由氢氟酸和硝酸体积比决定,氢氟酸和硝酸体积比为1∶2时,腐蚀加工速率最大。腐蚀加工初期钛合金表面氧化膜被破坏,自腐蚀电位迅速变负,加工速率较大,继续加工,硝酸使钛合金表面发生钝化,导致速率降低,钝化膜的生成和破坏同时进行,当钝化膜的生成与基体溶解达到动态平衡时,自腐蚀电位和加工速率趋于稳定。TC1和TC4钛合金中的Ti和Al优先溶解,随着硝酸浓度的增加,钛合金表面微观凹坑变浅。     

环截面管中的爆燃转爆震实验

为了实现在环截面爆震管封闭端同时点火,采用了先在预燃室中点火,再通过八路支管将火焰引入到爆震管封闭端,各个支管长度一样,因此可看成在环管封闭端多点同时点火.实验结果显示,在爆震管封闭端火焰汇聚形成激波点火,可在环管封闭端附近直接产生爆震波.在爆震管中安放扰流片时,流动阻力使爆震速度偏低,无扰流片时,爆震速度接近理论值.不加扰流片当量比在1.0左右,火焰速度会出现爆燃或爆震两种随机状态,当量比到1.1时可避免这种状况.